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Jupiter -

Regarded as the Roman equivalent of Zeus, Jupiter was the king of the gods. He was also known as the god of the sky and controlled the weather and the forces of nature. His traditional weapon was the thunderbolt, and he was known to send thunderbolts to warn the citizens of Rome. 

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Juno -

The wife of Jupiter and queen of the gods, Juno was the protector and special counselor of the state. The month of June is named after her.

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Neptune -

Neptune was the deity of the sea, and brother to Jupiter and Pluto. Neptune is the Roman equivalent of Poseidon. 

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Minerva -

Minerva was worshiped as the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Athena. She was the goddess of reason, handicraft, wisdom, and war. 

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Mars -

As the god of war, Mars was given great importance by the ancient Romans. He was second only to his father, Jupiter. Mars was also revered by the Roman military, but especially by the soldiers. 

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Venus -

Romans believed Venus to be the most beautiful of all Roman goddesses. Like her Greek goddess counterpart, Aphrodite, Venus held power over love, beauty, and fertility. 

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Apollo -

Also known as Phoebus, Apollo kept his Greek name in Roman mythology. He had many jobs and responsibilities, as he was the god of archery, music, dance, healing and disease, as well as sun and light. 

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Diana -

The Roman version of Artemis, Diana was the goddess of domesticated and wild animals, the forest, and hunting. She was the twin sister of Apollo, and she was very popular with Romans who lived in rural areas.

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Cupid -

Cupid was the ancient Roman god of love, desire, attraction, and affection. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Eros. 

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Pluto -

God of the dead and the underworld, Pluto ushered the dead to the other side with his wife Proserpina. He is the Roman equivalent of Hades. 

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Saturn -

Saturn was the first king of the gods, and he was also known as the god of time. When he died, the world was split between his sons, Neptune, Pluto, and Jupiter.

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Bacchus -

The deity of wine, fruit trees, fertility, and religious ecstasy, Bacchus was arguably the most wild and fun-loving of all the Roman gods. 

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Laverna -

Roman gods and goddesses typically symbolized noble qualities. However, Laverna was the patron goddess of thieves and cheats.

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Vesta -

Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family life. Rarely depicted in human form, Vesta was usually represented by the fire in her temple. Only Vestal Virgins were allowed entry into her temple.

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Ceres -

In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility, and motherly relationships. She was one of the Roman goddesses believed to nourish and protect the common people. 

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Prosperina -

The queen of the underworld and spring, Prosperina is known as Persephone in Greek mythology. 

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Vulcan -

Vulcan was the Roman god of fire and volcanoes, who took on the smiting and metalworking traits of the Greek god Hephaestus. He made the weapons and tools for the gods. 

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Nemesis -

In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, Nemesis was the goddess of revenge. She was the embodiment of jealousy, envy, and anger of the gods and was believed to punish human gluttony.

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Mercury -

Mercury was the messenger god of the Roman pantheon and was depicted with winged sandals. He was favored among the ancient Romans for his blessings of commerce and trade. He also ruled over wealth and good fortune. 

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Hecate -

Hecate, often nicknamed the "triple goddess" due to her three-formed appearance, protected Romans from dark magic and witchcraft, and both literal and figurative crossroads.

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Janus -

The god of beginnings, endings, transitions, time, duality, and doorways, Janus is usually depicted as having two faces. The month of January is named for Janus.

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Pomona -

Pomona was the goddess of fruit trees, gardens, and orchards. Unlike many other Roman goddesses and gods, she doesn't have a Greek counterpart. 

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Fortuna -

The goddess of luck, fate, destiny, and fortune, Fortuna was regarded as the bearer of prosperity and growth in Ancient Rome. 

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Cloacina -

Another goddess without a Greek equivalent, Cloacina was the goddess of sewers who helped protect the incredibly advanced Roman sewage system. 

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Pax -

Adopted from the Greek goddess Eirene, Pax was the personification of peace, and she was associated with the rebirth of spring, tranquility, and abundance. 

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Ops -

In ancient Roman religion, Ops was a fertility deity and earth goddess. Her equivalent in Greek mythology was Rhea.

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Juventas -

The goddess of youth and rejuvenation, Juventas was the guardian goddess of young men. She was particularly worshiped during the period when they approached manhood. 

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Mithras -

A popular god amongst soldiers all over the Roman Empire, Mithras was commonly depicted slaying a bull. He was associated with warfare and the sun.

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Luna -

Luna was the goddess of heaven and of the moon. Often depicted with a moon above her head, she was seen as a symbol of power and influence. 

Sources: (National Geographic) (British Museum) (Yahoo)

See also: True stories about ancient Rome they didn't tell you in school 

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