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The EU Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (EU-SOCTA) 2025, published by Europol, sheds light on how the structure and tactics of organized crime are evolving. This in-depth report, based on intelligence from EU Member States and international law enforcement agencies, provides a snapshot of the current state of serious organized crime and forecasts the challenges ahead. As anticipated, the assessment reveals that organized crime is becoming more deeply entrenched and destabilizing, largely due to modern technologies.
Click through the gallery to explore the report’s key insights and learn about the measures law enforcement agencies are taking to tackle this escalating threat.
Much like DNA defines the framework of life, the framework of organized crime is undergoing a fundamental transformation. No longer confined to traditional hierarchies, criminal networks are evolving to thrive in a world marked by global instability, the rise of digitalization, and groundbreaking technologies.
The EU-SOCTA outlines characteristics that define the evolution of serious and organized crime. These traits underscore the adaptability of criminal networks to modern challenges and their impact on security in the EU.
Organized crime has evolved into a force that extends far beyond jeopardizing public safety. It now undermines the fundamental structures of the EU’s institutions and society at large, and its destabilizing effects manifest across two key fronts.
Internally, organized crime destabilizes through various mechanisms, such as laundering and reinvesting illicit proceeds, engaging in corruption, perpetuating violence, and exploiting young individuals as perpetrators.
Externally, criminal networks are forging alliances with hybrid threat actors—state or non-state entities that employ a mix of military and non-military means to achieve their goals—serving as proxies to advance their agendas. This collaboration is mutually reinforcing, amplifying both the reach and impact of organized crime and hybrid threats on a global scale.
Digital infrastructures have become the backbone of modern criminal operations, allowing illicit activities to expand and adapt with unmatched speed and efficiency. The technological edge enables organized crime networks to operate on a scale that was previously unimaginable.
Serious and organized crime today leaves a digital footprint. The internet has emerged as the central stage for illicit activities, enabling crimes such as cyber fraud, ransomware attacks, drug trafficking, and money laundering to thrive with unprecedented efficiency and reach.
Criminal networks are leveraging digital infrastructures to obscure their operations, making detection by law enforcement increasingly challenging. At the same time, data has become the new currency of power, with criminal actors stealing, trading, and exploiting it to expand their influence.
Criminals are swiftly exploiting powerful AI-driven technologies, employing them both as catalysts for new forms of crime and as mechanisms to enhance efficiency in existing illicit operations.
The very attributes that make artificial intelligence revolutionary—its accessibility, adaptability, and sophistication—have also transformed it into a potent asset for criminal networks.
Cyber-attacks are among the most pressing security threats. While ransomware remains a dominant issue, there is a rising trend of attacks targeting critical infrastructure, governments, businesses, and individuals. Many of these operations are increasingly aligned with state-driven objectives.
Online fraud schemes are rapidly evolving, with criminals leveraging AI-powered social engineering techniques to deceive and exploit victims. These operations are fueled by access to vast amounts of data, including stolen personal information, enabling highly targeted and effective attacks.
Online child sexual exploitation has taken a disturbing turn with the misuse of generative AI. This technology is being exploited to produce child sexual abuse material and to facilitate online grooming, amplifying the scale and reach of these heinous crimes.
Migrant smuggling networks are capitalizing on geopolitical crises, charging outrageous fees while showing a blatant disregard for human dignity.
Drug trafficking continues to evolve into a more diverse and complex market, with shifting routes and innovative methods of operation in the digital era.
Firearms trafficking is on the rise, driven by advancements in technology, the proliferation of online marketplaces, and the increasing availability of weapons across Europe.
Waste crime is an often underestimated but highly lucrative sector for criminal networks. By exploiting legitimate businesses, these operations cause significant harm to the environment, from improper disposal of hazardous materials to large-scale illegal dumping.
Although some threats remain rooted in the physical world, a growing number of elements within criminal processes are migrating online. From recruitment and communication to payment systems and AI-driven automation, the digital space is becoming central to how criminal networks operate.
The key criminal threats outlined in the EU-SOCTA 2025 are interconnected by shared, reinforcing elements that sustain and intensify their impact. These cross-cutting factors amplify the reach and influence of organized crime, making it crucial for law enforcement to consider them when devising strategies.
The DNA of serious and organized crime is deeply rooted in the operational methods of criminal networks. Their operations frequently transcend borders, showcasing a global reach, and even extend into prison environments, leveraging AI and advanced technologies to further their illicit activities.
Financial crimes and money laundering techniques are advancing rapidly, with illicit proceeds increasingly funneled into a parallel financial system. This system is deliberately engineered to shield criminal wealth while fostering its growth.
Digital platforms and emerging technologies like blockchain are pivotal in fortifying the parallel financial system used by criminal networks. These tools not only enhance the system's resilience to disruption but also provide a sophisticated infrastructure for channeling, protecting, and growing illicit wealth.
Corruption remains a pervasive enabler of organized crime, serving as a critical link that facilitates illicit activities across various sectors. In the digital age, the threat has evolved, with criminals increasingly targeting high-ranking officials who hold access to vital digital systems.
Violence associated with organized crime is escalating in several EU Member States, creating ripple effects that extend into broader society. This increase in violence is intrinsically linked to criminal markets, where competition and conflict between rival networks shape its intensity and spread.
Encrypted communication tools and online platforms are exacerbating organized crime, enabling borderless recruitment, seamless extortion, and efficient coordination. These technologies provide criminal networks with a shield of anonymity while enhancing their ability to operate globally.
The criminal exploitation of young perpetrators not only causes profound harm to the social fabric but also serves a strategic purpose for organized crime leadership. By using young individuals to carry out illicit activities, criminal leaders create a protective layer that insulates them from identification or prosecution.
The interplay of these reinforcing tactics enables criminal networks to grow, optimize their profits, and bolster their resilience with the help of digital technologies. This creates a self-perpetuating cycle, where the success of one strategy only supports and amplifies others.
Breaking the self-perpetuating cycle of organized crime necessitates an integrated approach by international law enforcement. Strategies must address both the core criminal markets and the systemic mechanisms that sustain these global illicit operations.
Sources: (Europol) (Euronews) (ResearchGate)
The EU-SOCTA 2025 report underscores seven critical security threats that illustrate the increasing sophistication and danger posed by criminal networks. These key areas reveal how organized crime is adapting to exploit new vulnerabilities and technologies.
How organized crime organizations are using AI
The dark side of modern tech
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The EU Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (EU-SOCTA) 2025, published by Europol, sheds light on how the structure and tactics of organized crime are evolving. This in-depth report, based on intelligence from EU Member States and international law enforcement agencies, provides a snapshot of the current state of serious organized crime and forecasts the challenges ahead. As anticipated, the assessment reveals that organized crime is becoming more deeply entrenched and destabilizing, largely due to modern technologies.
Click through the gallery to explore the report’s key insights and learn about the measures law enforcement agencies are taking to tackle this escalating threat.