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0 / 32 Fotos
What causes adult acne?
- Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological condition worldwide with approximately 85% to 95% of adolescents experiencing acne at some point, half of which experience it into adulthood. Adult acne is driven by four primary factors: excess oil production, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation.
© Shutterstock
1 / 32 Fotos
What causes adult acne?
- These elements work together to create breakouts, whether in the form of blackheads, whiteheads, or painful cystic pimples. However, indirect factors—like hormonal fluctuations, stress, diet, and certain medications—can exacerbate these issues.
© Shutterstock
2 / 32 Fotos
Hormonal imbalances
- Hormonal imbalances are one of the most common triggers for adult acne, particularly in women. Shifts in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can overstimulate the skin’s oil glands, leading to clogged pores.
© Shutterstock
3 / 32 Fotos
Stress
- Similarly, stress increases cortisol levels, which can amplify oil production and inflammation, making skin more prone to breakouts.
© Shutterstock
4 / 32 Fotos
Pore clogging products
- Lifestyle factors also play a role. The use of heavy, pore-clogging skincare products, hair products, or makeup can contribute to breakouts.
© Shutterstock
5 / 32 Fotos
Diet
- Diet, particularly the consumption of high-glycemic foods like refined carbohydrates and sugary snacks, has been linked to inflammation, which can exacerbate acne. Excessive dairy intake has also been identified as a potential contributor in some individuals.
© Shutterstock
6 / 32 Fotos
Medications
- Certain medications, including corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, and lithium, are known to cause acne as a side effect.
© Getty Images
7 / 32 Fotos
Genes
- Recent research found that there are two key genes that are upregulated in acne lesions compared with healthy skin. These genes are GRN, the granulin precursor gene, and IL13RA1, the interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1 gene, both of which are key drivers of inflammation and hyperkeratinization.
© Shutterstock
8 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: keep a clean face
- Prevention is the foundation of any effective acne treatment plan. One of the simplest yet most crucial habits is cleansing the skin properly. Washing your face twice daily with a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser helps remove dirt, oil, and makeup without stripping the skin’s natural barrier. Avoid harsh scrubs or over-cleansing, as this can irritate the skin and trigger more oil production.
© Shutterstock
9 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: avoid blocking pores
- It's also important to choose skincare products labeled "non-comedogenic" or "oil-free" to minimize the risk of clogged pores. Heavy facial oils and hair products should be avoided, especially those that can transfer onto your face. Always remove makeup before bed to prevent pore blockages overnight.
© Shutterstock
10 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: nutrition and hydration
- Dietary changes can also help. Reducing high-glycemic foods and moderating dairy intake may lower inflammation, a key contributor to acne. Drinking plenty of water and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall skin health.
© Shutterstock
11 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: stress management
- Stress management is another vital component of prevention. Incorporating stress-relief practices like yoga, meditation, or exercise can help reduce cortisol levels and improve overall skin resilience.
© Shutterstock
12 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: beauty sleep
- Getting enough sleep allows your body to repair itself, including the skin, helping it stay clear and healthy. Sleep plays a key role in controlling acne by helping regulate hormones. During deep sleep, the body reduces cortisol, the stress hormone. High cortisol levels can trigger more oil production, clogging pores and causing acne. When you don't get enough sleep, cortisol stays elevated, making breakouts worse.
© Shutterstock
13 / 32 Fotos
Over the counter products
- Even with preventive measures in place, breakouts can still occur. For mild-to-moderate acne, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are often sufficient. Dr. Ramone F. Williams of the American Academy of Dermatology Association recommends products containing active ingredients like adapalene, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and azelaic acid.
© Shutterstock
14 / 32 Fotos
Adapalene and salicylic acid
- Adapalene, a retinoid available in many OTC formulations, promotes cell turnover to prevent clogged pores and treat existing blemishes. Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the skin and unclogging pores, making it especially effective for blackheads and whiteheads.
© Shutterstock
15 / 32 Fotos
Benzoyl peroxide
- Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful antibacterial agent that reduces inflammation and kills acne-causing bacteria. Starting with lower concentrations, such as 2.5%, can minimize the risk of side effects like dryness or irritation.
© Shutterstock
16 / 32 Fotos
Azelaic acid
- Azelaic acid is another effective option, particularly for fading post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation left behind by acne. The suggested products should be used consistently and as directed. Results may take several weeks to become noticeable.
© Shutterstock
17 / 32 Fotos
Use an SPF
- Sun protection is essential for those using acne treatments, as ingredients like retinoids can increase sensitivity to UV rays. Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily helps prevent dark spots and protects the skin’s overall health.
© Shutterstock
18 / 32 Fotos
When to see a dermatologist
- If your acne is severe—characterized by large, painful cysts—or if it leaves scars, professional intervention is necessary. Dermatologists have access to a wide range of treatments tailored to your skin's needs.
© Shutterstock
19 / 32 Fotos
Topical tretinoin
- Topical tretinoin, a prescription retinoid, is a cornerstone of acne treatment. It works by accelerating cell turnover, preventing clogged pores, and improving the skin’s texture over time.
© Shutterstock
20 / 32 Fotos
Isotretinoin
- For severe cases, isotretinoin (commonly known by the brand name Accutane) is often the most effective option. This oral medication reduces oil production, inflammation, and bacteria, addressing all major causes of acne.
© Shutterstock
21 / 32 Fotos
Pregnancy caution
- However, it requires careful monitoring, as it can cause side effects, and women who are pregnant or may become pregnant cannot take it due to its teratogenic risks.
© Shutterstock
22 / 32 Fotos
Spironolactone
- Hormonal acne, which is common in women, may respond well to spironolactone, a medication that regulates androgen (male hormonal) activity. When other acne treatments don't work, it can effectively treat deep-seated, tender acne on the lower face, jawline, or neck. Spironolactone is not prescribed to treat acne in men due to side effects.
© Shutterstock
23 / 32 Fotos
In office treatments
- In-office treatments such as chemical peels, light-based therapies, or microdermabrasion can also complement medical treatments by targeting acne lesions and fading scars or discoloration.
© Shutterstock
24 / 32 Fotos
Ceramides and hyaluronic acid
- After controlling active acne, the next focus is healing the skin and maintaining long-term clarity. To rebuild the skin’s barrier, use moisturizers containing ceramides or hyaluronic acid, which restore hydration and protect against environmental irritants.
© Shutterstock
25 / 32 Fotos
Niacinamide, vitamin C, and retinol
- For post-acne marks, products with niacinamide, vitamin C, or retinol can help brighten the skin and fade discoloration. These ingredients work gradually to even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation. Sunscreen is non-negotiable during this phase, as it prevents dark spots from worsening and protects against UV damage.
© Shutterstock
26 / 32 Fotos
Don't pick or squeeze
- Avoid picking or squeezing acne lesions, as this can lead to scarring and pigmentation. If your budget allows, professional treatments like laser therapy or microneedling can effectively address lingering scars.
© Shutterstock
27 / 32 Fotos
The emotional impact
- Beyond physical symptoms, adult acne can have a profound emotional impact. Living with persistent breakouts can lead to feelings of frustration, embarrassment, and low self-esteem, especially in social or professional settings.
© Shutterstock
28 / 32 Fotos
Seek support
- If the emotional burden becomes overwhelming, seeking support from a therapist or counselor can provide relief. It's essential to remember that acne is a common condition and does not define your worth. Surround yourself with supportive people and focus on long-term solutions rather than immediate fixes.
© Shutterstock
29 / 32 Fotos
The path to clear skin
- Adult acne is a complex condition, but with the right combination of prevention, treatment, and restoration strategies, it’s entirely manageable. From adopting a consistent skincare routine to exploring advanced dermatological treatments, there are numerous ways to achieve healthier, clearer skin.
© Shutterstock
30 / 32 Fotos
Patience and consistency
- Patience and consistency are key, as visible results take time. By addressing the root causes of acne and maintaining good skin habits, you can take back control of your complexion. Sources: (Midland Skin) (Hopkins Medicine) (American Academy Dermatology Association) (Healio) See also: Facial detox: Tips for healthier skin
© Shutterstock
31 / 32 Fotos
© Shutterstock
0 / 32 Fotos
What causes adult acne?
- Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological condition worldwide with approximately 85% to 95% of adolescents experiencing acne at some point, half of which experience it into adulthood. Adult acne is driven by four primary factors: excess oil production, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation.
© Shutterstock
1 / 32 Fotos
What causes adult acne?
- These elements work together to create breakouts, whether in the form of blackheads, whiteheads, or painful cystic pimples. However, indirect factors—like hormonal fluctuations, stress, diet, and certain medications—can exacerbate these issues.
© Shutterstock
2 / 32 Fotos
Hormonal imbalances
- Hormonal imbalances are one of the most common triggers for adult acne, particularly in women. Shifts in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can overstimulate the skin’s oil glands, leading to clogged pores.
© Shutterstock
3 / 32 Fotos
Stress
- Similarly, stress increases cortisol levels, which can amplify oil production and inflammation, making skin more prone to breakouts.
© Shutterstock
4 / 32 Fotos
Pore clogging products
- Lifestyle factors also play a role. The use of heavy, pore-clogging skincare products, hair products, or makeup can contribute to breakouts.
© Shutterstock
5 / 32 Fotos
Diet
- Diet, particularly the consumption of high-glycemic foods like refined carbohydrates and sugary snacks, has been linked to inflammation, which can exacerbate acne. Excessive dairy intake has also been identified as a potential contributor in some individuals.
© Shutterstock
6 / 32 Fotos
Medications
- Certain medications, including corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, and lithium, are known to cause acne as a side effect.
© Getty Images
7 / 32 Fotos
Genes
- Recent research found that there are two key genes that are upregulated in acne lesions compared with healthy skin. These genes are GRN, the granulin precursor gene, and IL13RA1, the interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1 gene, both of which are key drivers of inflammation and hyperkeratinization.
© Shutterstock
8 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: keep a clean face
- Prevention is the foundation of any effective acne treatment plan. One of the simplest yet most crucial habits is cleansing the skin properly. Washing your face twice daily with a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser helps remove dirt, oil, and makeup without stripping the skin’s natural barrier. Avoid harsh scrubs or over-cleansing, as this can irritate the skin and trigger more oil production.
© Shutterstock
9 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: avoid blocking pores
- It's also important to choose skincare products labeled "non-comedogenic" or "oil-free" to minimize the risk of clogged pores. Heavy facial oils and hair products should be avoided, especially those that can transfer onto your face. Always remove makeup before bed to prevent pore blockages overnight.
© Shutterstock
10 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: nutrition and hydration
- Dietary changes can also help. Reducing high-glycemic foods and moderating dairy intake may lower inflammation, a key contributor to acne. Drinking plenty of water and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall skin health.
© Shutterstock
11 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: stress management
- Stress management is another vital component of prevention. Incorporating stress-relief practices like yoga, meditation, or exercise can help reduce cortisol levels and improve overall skin resilience.
© Shutterstock
12 / 32 Fotos
Prevention: beauty sleep
- Getting enough sleep allows your body to repair itself, including the skin, helping it stay clear and healthy. Sleep plays a key role in controlling acne by helping regulate hormones. During deep sleep, the body reduces cortisol, the stress hormone. High cortisol levels can trigger more oil production, clogging pores and causing acne. When you don't get enough sleep, cortisol stays elevated, making breakouts worse.
© Shutterstock
13 / 32 Fotos
Over the counter products
- Even with preventive measures in place, breakouts can still occur. For mild-to-moderate acne, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are often sufficient. Dr. Ramone F. Williams of the American Academy of Dermatology Association recommends products containing active ingredients like adapalene, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and azelaic acid.
© Shutterstock
14 / 32 Fotos
Adapalene and salicylic acid
- Adapalene, a retinoid available in many OTC formulations, promotes cell turnover to prevent clogged pores and treat existing blemishes. Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the skin and unclogging pores, making it especially effective for blackheads and whiteheads.
© Shutterstock
15 / 32 Fotos
Benzoyl peroxide
- Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful antibacterial agent that reduces inflammation and kills acne-causing bacteria. Starting with lower concentrations, such as 2.5%, can minimize the risk of side effects like dryness or irritation.
© Shutterstock
16 / 32 Fotos
Azelaic acid
- Azelaic acid is another effective option, particularly for fading post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation left behind by acne. The suggested products should be used consistently and as directed. Results may take several weeks to become noticeable.
© Shutterstock
17 / 32 Fotos
Use an SPF
- Sun protection is essential for those using acne treatments, as ingredients like retinoids can increase sensitivity to UV rays. Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily helps prevent dark spots and protects the skin’s overall health.
© Shutterstock
18 / 32 Fotos
When to see a dermatologist
- If your acne is severe—characterized by large, painful cysts—or if it leaves scars, professional intervention is necessary. Dermatologists have access to a wide range of treatments tailored to your skin's needs.
© Shutterstock
19 / 32 Fotos
Topical tretinoin
- Topical tretinoin, a prescription retinoid, is a cornerstone of acne treatment. It works by accelerating cell turnover, preventing clogged pores, and improving the skin’s texture over time.
© Shutterstock
20 / 32 Fotos
Isotretinoin
- For severe cases, isotretinoin (commonly known by the brand name Accutane) is often the most effective option. This oral medication reduces oil production, inflammation, and bacteria, addressing all major causes of acne.
© Shutterstock
21 / 32 Fotos
Pregnancy caution
- However, it requires careful monitoring, as it can cause side effects, and women who are pregnant or may become pregnant cannot take it due to its teratogenic risks.
© Shutterstock
22 / 32 Fotos
Spironolactone
- Hormonal acne, which is common in women, may respond well to spironolactone, a medication that regulates androgen (male hormonal) activity. When other acne treatments don't work, it can effectively treat deep-seated, tender acne on the lower face, jawline, or neck. Spironolactone is not prescribed to treat acne in men due to side effects.
© Shutterstock
23 / 32 Fotos
In office treatments
- In-office treatments such as chemical peels, light-based therapies, or microdermabrasion can also complement medical treatments by targeting acne lesions and fading scars or discoloration.
© Shutterstock
24 / 32 Fotos
Ceramides and hyaluronic acid
- After controlling active acne, the next focus is healing the skin and maintaining long-term clarity. To rebuild the skin’s barrier, use moisturizers containing ceramides or hyaluronic acid, which restore hydration and protect against environmental irritants.
© Shutterstock
25 / 32 Fotos
Niacinamide, vitamin C, and retinol
- For post-acne marks, products with niacinamide, vitamin C, or retinol can help brighten the skin and fade discoloration. These ingredients work gradually to even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation. Sunscreen is non-negotiable during this phase, as it prevents dark spots from worsening and protects against UV damage.
© Shutterstock
26 / 32 Fotos
Don't pick or squeeze
- Avoid picking or squeezing acne lesions, as this can lead to scarring and pigmentation. If your budget allows, professional treatments like laser therapy or microneedling can effectively address lingering scars.
© Shutterstock
27 / 32 Fotos
The emotional impact
- Beyond physical symptoms, adult acne can have a profound emotional impact. Living with persistent breakouts can lead to feelings of frustration, embarrassment, and low self-esteem, especially in social or professional settings.
© Shutterstock
28 / 32 Fotos
Seek support
- If the emotional burden becomes overwhelming, seeking support from a therapist or counselor can provide relief. It's essential to remember that acne is a common condition and does not define your worth. Surround yourself with supportive people and focus on long-term solutions rather than immediate fixes.
© Shutterstock
29 / 32 Fotos
The path to clear skin
- Adult acne is a complex condition, but with the right combination of prevention, treatment, and restoration strategies, it’s entirely manageable. From adopting a consistent skincare routine to exploring advanced dermatological treatments, there are numerous ways to achieve healthier, clearer skin.
© Shutterstock
30 / 32 Fotos
Patience and consistency
- Patience and consistency are key, as visible results take time. By addressing the root causes of acne and maintaining good skin habits, you can take back control of your complexion. Sources: (Midland Skin) (Hopkins Medicine) (American Academy Dermatology Association) (Healio) See also: Facial detox: Tips for healthier skin
© Shutterstock
31 / 32 Fotos
Adult acne: how to prevent, manage, and restore clear skin
Strategies for achieving and maintaining a radiant complexion
© Shutterstock
Acne isn’t just a teenage problem—it can persist or even appear for the first time in adulthood. Known as adult acne or post-adolescent acne, it is defined as acne occurring after the age of 25. While teenage acne is common and often expected, research shows that about 15% of women and 5% of men experience acne beyond their adolescent years. This condition is frequently triggered by a combination of hormonal changes, environmental factors, and lifestyle habits.
Understanding the root causes of adult acne and adopting targeted prevention, management, and restoration strategies can make a significant difference in achieving clear, healthy skin. With the right approach, managing this common yet often frustrating skin condition is entirely possible. In this gallery, we share the most effective strategies based on scientific evidence to help you prevent, manage, and restore clear skin.
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