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The Manhattan Project is perhaps the most well-known secret operation of the American government, in no small part due to its devastating consequences. Started in 1939 and led by Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project was started to investigate the possibility of weaponizing atomic energy, and that hypothesis was quickly proven true.

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Known as MK-Ultra, this project was the government’s extensive investigation into the uses of mind-altering substances and their ability to hypnotize soldiers and citizens. Started in 1953 and led by Sydney Gottlieb, the project used at least US$10 million ($87.5 when accounting for inflation) of taxpayer dollars to study the effects of various chemicals, specifically LSD, on unsuspecting subjects.

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In August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, proving to the world that atomic energy could in fact be weaponized and used to cause incomprehensible suffering.

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It was a great day for UFO enthusiasts when, in 2012, the US government declassified a host of papers documenting their own plans to build a flying saucer. While the government-issued saucer wouldn’t be used for extra-terrestrial ambitions, it would be a secret weapon used in the fight against the Soviets.

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Project 1794 began in the 1950s, and didn’t last very long. The proposed aircraft had some lofty goals to live up to, such as having a top speed four times the speed of light, a maximum altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 m), and an estimated price tag of US$26 million. In 1961, after some preliminary tests, it was decided that the technology simply wasn’t there yet.

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Numerous CIA agents as well as members of the general public were administered the substance without their informed consent, a direct violation of the Nuremberg Code. One victim, a patient in a Kentucky mental institution, was given LSD every day for 174 days.

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The initial target of the wiretaps was New York Times reporter Hanson Baldwin, who had gotten on the president’s bad side for putting confidential information comparing the atomic arsenals of the United States and the USSR in an article. However, over the course of the operation, two other newsmen were also targeted.

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After World War II, the allyships that helped win the war and defeat the Nazis quickly dissolved with the start of the Cold War, which saw the United States and the Soviet Union move swiftly from allies to enemies.

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Shortly after the start of the Cold War, the United States started putting safeguards in place in the event of a Soviet invasion on American soil. One of these safeguards, started in the early 1950s, was dubbed Operation Washtub.

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One of the more questionable and little-known strategies devised by the American government was known as Operation Paperclip, in which they rounded up all of the very best Nazi scientists that weren’t tried in the Nuremberg Trials and offered them jobs within the US government. Many of these individuals, including high-ranking member of the Nazi party Wernher von Braun, would go on to work with NASA on their space program.

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Operation Washtub consisted of secretly organizing a number of ordinary Alaskan citizens into a group of spies, decoders, and potential resistance fighters. These “stay-behind” groups were commonly set up by the CIA and NATO around Europe, but the Washtub group is the only one of its kind known to exist on American soil.

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Project Mockingbird was a warrantless wiretapping operation carried out on the orders of President John F. Kennedy between March and June of 1963. It was kept under wraps until 2001.

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This Cold War-era CIA scheme was playfully nicknamed Acoustic Kitty, and had all the makings of a revolutionary new surveillance system. Acoustic Kitty came about in the 1960s, and involved surgically placing a tiny microphone within a cat’s ear canal, and sending the felines out on patrol near Soviet embassies.

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The CIA had read 'Doctor Zhivago,' and agreed with the USSR that it was in fact dangerously individualistic, and saw value in its use as anti-revolutionary propaganda. With the help of Dutch publishers and diplomats from the Vatican, the CIA printed and distributed around 1,000 copies of the novel at the 1958 World’s Fair in an attempt to embarrass the USSR.

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By the 1960s, the Space Race was well underway, and the Soviet Union was in the lead. In 1959, from a remote base in Kazakhstan, they had successfully launched a rocket, Luna 3, towards the Moon, where it became the first spacecraft to reach and photograph the dark side of the Moon.

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In 1959, 10 years before NASA successfully put a man on the Moon, the US government drew up some extremely optimistic plans for a number of permanent lunar military bases, under the name Project Horizon.

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Operation Mongoose accounted for many of the known 600-plus attempts on Castro’s life. Some of the more creative schemes involved gaseous LSD, bribing American mobster Sam Giancana (pictured) to carry out a hit, and poisoned ice cream.

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Art and literature have always been among the most valuable weapons in a culture war. Because of this, books can be banned for any number of reasons. In the Soviet Union, numerous books were banned and authors were censored for being “anti-revolutionary” or dangerously individualistic. One of these books that was banned during the Cold War was the Russian classic 'Doctor Zhivago,' by Boris Pasternak (pictured).

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One of the problems posed by early nuclear missiles was their limited range, which was an especially bothersome obstacle when your potential target was half a world away. One of the ways the US government, with the help of the CIA, tried to get around this issue was by building secret missile silos in the Arctic Circle, under the Greenland ice sheet.

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For seven years, Denmark was completely unaware of the complex being built underneath their territory. The project was eventually called off in 1966, after shifts in the ice sheet rendered the plan unfeasible.

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A slightly less secretive agency of the United States government, the FBI came under widespread scrutiny in 2015 after an investigative report published by the Associated Press revealed they had been surveilling the general public from above.

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The outposts, which were projected to be operational by 1966, would have required 147 shuttles to transport all of the needed materials, and would be manned by 16 American soldiers. President Dwight D. Eisenhower quickly shut down the project once the burden of responsibility for space exploration was moved from internal agencies to NASA.

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The report explained that the FBI had been using small aircraft registered to fake private companies all across the country to listen in on cell phone conversations and record video footage from above. Within one 30-day period, these surveillance planes had been spotted in 30 different US cities.

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Right after the end of World War II and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear testing continued in full force on the Marshall Islands, specifically in the Bikini Atoll, where 23 nuclear bombs were detonated between 1946 and 1958. These islands weren’t uninhabited, with the government forcibly removed the nearly 200 residents who had called the islands their home.

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In 1968, a B-52 bomber plane carrying four nuclear bombs was making routine rounds around Greenland’s Thule airport base when it unexpectedly crashed into the surrounding snowy wilderness. Authorities immediately went out to account for the plane's nuclear payloads, and announced a success shortly afterwards. It wasn’t until 2008 that the BBC reported on classified documents that revealed one of the bombs was never located.

Sources: (NPR) (Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum) (MIT Technology Review) (Associated Press)

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Once Luna 3 came back to Earth, the Soviets sent it on a publicity tour. The CIA, who felt it imperative to learn everything they could about this groundbreaking satellite, broke into the truck transporting the rocket under cover of night and proceeded to disassemble it completely, take photographs of each and every component, and reassemble the spacecraft before sunrise. Apparently, the Soviet Union never found out. At the time...

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Predictably, the cats weren’t great at following orders, and after the first four-legged agent was almost immediately hit by a taxi and another few wandered away from the objective, the project was sacked.

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While the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico are usually what come to mind when one imagines nuclear test sites, one of the most heavily-bombed sites in US history was once a Pacific Island paradise.

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The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. Before it was called the CIA, it was known as the Office of Strategic Services, and was responsible for some of the most covert operations during and after World War II. As the CIA, the organization has become notorious for an apparent disregard of federal and international law, and is suspected to handle some projects that even the president of the United States is unaware of. From toppling governments and staging false flag operations, to introducing one of the world's most addictive chemicals to the US, the covert operations of the CIA that have come to light are, if nothing else, fascinating to read about.

Intrigued? Read on to learn more about some of the CIA's declassified deeds.

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If there’s one thing the CIA is notorious for above everything else, it’s deposing foreign leaders. During the 1960s, the agency especially prioritized the assassination or removal from office of Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro. Under the code name Operation Mongoose, a slew of failed assassination attempts were carried out between 1961 and 1963.